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A schema connects DynamoSQL to a set of DynamoDB tables in your AWS account via an IAM role. Each schema has a name, an AWS region, an account ID, a role ARN, an external ID, and an optional table allowlist. Before creating a schema, follow the IAM Setup guide to configure the trust policy and permissions that DynamoSQL needs to assume the role. Once a schema is created, DynamoSQL caches table metadata (columns and indexes) automatically. Use Refresh Metadata after adding tables or modifying key schemas to pick up changes without waiting for the next automatic refresh.