Functions

Numeric Functions

Function	Description
`ABS(n)`	Absolute value
`CEILING(n)`	Smallest integer >= n
`FLOOR(n)`	Largest integer <= n
`ROUND(n, d)`	Round n to d decimal places
`TRUNCATE(n, d)`	Truncate n to d decimal places

SELECT ABS(-42)            -- 42
SELECT CEILING(4.1)        -- 5
SELECT FLOOR(4.9)          -- 4
SELECT ROUND(3.14159, 2)   -- 3.14
SELECT TRUNCATE(3.99, 1)   -- 3.9

String Functions

Function	Description
`ASCII(s)`	ASCII code of the first character
`CHAR(n)`	Character for ASCII code n
`CONCAT(s1, s2, ...)`	Concatenate strings (NULLs treated as empty)
`CONCAT_WS(sep, s1, s2, ...)`	Concatenate with separator, skipping NULLs
`INSTR(s, sub)`	Position of first occurrence of sub in s (1-based)
`LEFT(s, n)`	First n characters
`LENGTH(s)`	Length in characters
`LOWER(s)`	Convert to lowercase
`LPAD(s, n, pad)`	Left-pad s to length n with pad string
`LTRIM(s)`	Remove leading whitespace
`RIGHT(s, n)`	Last n characters
`RPAD(s, n, pad)`	Right-pad s to length n with pad string
`RTRIM(s)`	Remove trailing whitespace
`SUBSTRING(s, pos, len)`	Extract substring (1-based position)
`TRIM(s)`	Remove leading and trailing whitespace
`UPPER(s)`	Convert to uppercase

SELECT UPPER(name) AS name_upper FROM myschema.users
SELECT CONCAT_WS(', ', last_name, first_name) AS full_name FROM myschema.contacts
SELECT SUBSTRING(sku, 1, 3) AS sku_prefix FROM myschema.products
SELECT LPAD(order_number, 8, '0') AS padded FROM myschema.orders
SELECT LENGTH(description) AS desc_length FROM myschema.products

Conditional Functions

IF(condition, true_value, false_value) — returns true_value when condition is truthy, otherwise false_value:

SELECT
  id,
  IF(total > 500, 'high_value', 'standard') AS tier
FROM myschema.orders

UUID

Generate a random UUID v4:

SELECT UUID() AS request_id

Date/Time Functions

Function	Description
`CURRENT_DATE()`	Current date as `YYYY-MM-DD`
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()`	Current date and time as a string

SELECT CURRENT_DATE()       -- e.g. '2026-03-11'
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()  -- e.g. 'Tue Mar 11 2026 17:00:00 GMT+0000'

These return strings, not native date objects. To compare against stored date strings, use standard string comparison operators.

Aggregate Functions

Function	Description
`COUNT(*)`	Count all rows
`COUNT(col)`	Count non-NULL values
`SUM(col)`	Sum of non-NULL values
`AVG(col)`	Average of non-NULL values
`MIN(col)`	Minimum value
`MAX(col)`	Maximum value
`STDDEV(col)`	Population standard deviation

See Grouping and Aggregation for usage with GROUP BY and HAVING.

Not Supported

EXTRACT, DATE_ADD, DATE_DIFF, DATEDIFF, NOW()
CONVERT / CAST

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Changelog

Numeric Functions

String Functions

Conditional Functions

UUID

Date/Time Functions

Aggregate Functions

Not Supported

​Numeric Functions

​String Functions

​Conditional Functions

​UUID

​Date/Time Functions

​Aggregate Functions

​Not Supported

Numeric Functions

String Functions

Conditional Functions

UUID

Date/Time Functions

Aggregate Functions

Not Supported